Carnival Case Issues

SPRING 2013 †GLOBAL STRATEGY AND POLICY MAN4720009_2013S_11202: , Schwartz: Tuesday and Thursday 9:30 to 10:50 AM †LA 331 GLOBAL STRATEGY AND POLICY MAN4720009_2013S_11202 Spring, 2013 Prepared for Professor Harry Schwartz, March 14, 2013 by the accompanying understudies: Robert OndercikZ8384Finance Ron AbrahamZ4458Accounting Jenna FranzoneZ3483Business Management Tabitha Palmisano Z0857Marketing Jeffrey VonZ7035Accounting Aaron SchneiderZ0653Business Management Sabine BorgesZ7510Accounting 1. Current Situation: CRITICAL CASE ISSUES Human Relations (CI #1) Employee and Labor LawsuitsEmployees of Carnival are asserting uncalled for working conditions with poor remuneration. (CI #2) Succession Mr. Arison venturing down later on, who will run organization, third era Arison or another person. Activity/Logistics (CI #3) The Costa Concordia Cruise Ship claim Cruise transport laying on side, natural hazard, and claims from crash. (CI #4) The Carnival Triumph dead at Gulf of Mexico Pending claims from this occasion, prompting progressively negative exposure (CI #5) US Corporate Tax Congress keeps on attempting to charge Corporate expenses on Carnival, however has flopped as of late. This could change soon. Advertising CI #6) Serving on 20 % of Americans It gets costly for clients to get to ports to voyage, debilitating a few clients from cruising. Fair Corporation and plc is as of now the biggest journey organization on the planet and is among the most beneficial and monetarily solid relaxation travel organizations on the planet. Jubilee Corporation and PLC’s arrangement of journey brands in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia are involved Carnival Cruise Lines, Holland America Line, Princess Cruises, Seabourn, AIDA Cruises, Costa Cruises, Cunard, Ibero Cruises, P&O Cruises (Australia) and P&O Cruises (UK).Collected, these brands work 100 boats totaling 203,000 lower billets with nine new ships booked to be conveyed between March 2013 and March 2016. Festival Corporation and PLC is the main gathering on the planet to be remembered for both the S&P 500 and the FTSE 100 files. A. CURRENT PERFORMANCE Carnival announced net gain for the year 2012 diminished to $1. 3 billion contrasted with $1. 9 billion for the earlier year due fundamentally to a mix of lower incomes and higher fuel prices.Revenues declined $410 million basically because of the Costa Concordia episode. Net income yields declined 2. 5 percent due principally to bring down voyage ticket costs and inhabitances for the Costa brand. Barring Costa, Carnival had the option to keep up year 2012 net income yields in accordance with the earlier year. Indeed, even with the numerous difficulties looked in 2012, Carnival created $3 billion of money from activities, all that could possibly be needed to subsidize our net capital speculations of $1. 8 billion.All of the ensuing free income was then come back to investors. Festivals normal quarterly profit of $0. 25 for each offer, joined with a unique year-end profit of $0. 50 for every offer, came about in $1. 2 billion of circulations to their investors. Jubilee additionally bought 2. 6 million of the company’s shares in the open market at an expense of $90 million during 2012. B. Vital POSTURE * Carnival stays committed to beneficially developing our journey business and driving profits for capital higher. Jamboree will keep on expanding their armada through a deliberate pace of a few new boat presentations every year. A portion of these vessels are relied upon to supplant existing limit from the potential deals of more established, less-proficient boats * Currently, Carnival has nine journey ships planned for conveyance through March 2016. * moreover, Carnival is centered around the development of creating journey areas. During the past five years, Carnival has multiplied their visitor sourcing from best in class showcases, a pattern Carnival expects will proceed later on. CI #6) * Carnival and its Operating Lines place the highest significance on visitor wellbeing, security and security. Fairs objective is to keep up an uncommon wellbeing, wellbeing and security record. Just as continually endeavor to better our wellbeing, security and security measures and methodology. (CI #3 and 4) 1. Strategic Corporation and plc mission is to take the world on an extended get-away and convey uncommon encounters that intrigue to a huge assortment of shoppers, all at an extraordinary worth. † 2. ObjectivesTo our partners, this mean: Consumers | Take the world in the midst of a get-away and convey remarkable encounters that intrigue to an enormous assortment of customers, all at an extraordinary value| Employees | Recruiting and Retaining Qualified Employees. Jamboree considers their worker and association relations by and large to be good| Business Partners | Carnival will speak with our colleagues often to guarantee that we get great items and administrations and th at our boats get the merchandise and ventures that they have to work reasonably. Shareholders| The quality of their kin, qualities, culture and strategic driven predominant returns for their investors. A dollar put resources into Carnival stock 25 years back would be worth multiple times that today, speaking to an all out return twice that of the S&P 500 over a similar period. | Communities | Carnival endeavors every single year to have any kind of effect in their homeports and different districts far and wide in need.During the previous year Carnival Corporation and plc gave about $10 million to magnanimous associations, including a $2 million gift to help Hurricane Sandy aid ventures. | 3. Systems * Carnival currently has its boats in ports that are inside sensible driving reach for a decent bit of the nation. Galveston, San Diego, Mobile, New Orleans, Charleston, Baltimore and New York all have Carnival ships cruising from their ports, making it less expensive and simpler for additional Americans to journey. CI #6) * Identify those supervisors liable for actualizing wellbeing, natural, wellbeing and security execution and guarantee that there are away from of responsibility. (CI #3 and 4) * Promptly report and appropriately examine all occurrence and make suitable move to forestall repeat (CI #3 and 4) * Establish and follow up on objectives and destinations to persistently improve our exhibition * Continue to freely answer to and keep up open discourse and participation with key partners (CI #3 and 4) * Carnival works Under Section 883 of the Internal Revenue Code; certain non-U.S. enterprises, (for example, our North American journey transport organizations) are not dependent upon U. S. government personal assessment or branch benefits charge on U. S. source pay got from, or accidental to, the global activity of a boat or ships. (CI #5) * Since defueling on Costa Concordia started until 7 a. m. Feb. 17, an aggregate of 251,492 gallons of fuel have bee n siphoned out of 4 tanks situated on the boat. (CI #3) * According to Costa Cruise, a sum of 377,237 gallons of fuel is still installed in 13 tanks.Following the timetable drawn up by the Neri/Smit Salvage specialists, if ocean and climate conditions stay good, the entirety of the fuel still ready the vessel ought to be expelled inside three weeks. (CI #3) * Carnival has a few characterized commitment plans accessible to the vast majority of their workers. Fair additionally has single-business characterized advantage benefits plans, which spread a portion of their shipboard and shore side workers. (CI #1) 4. Strategies Protecting the wellbeing, security and security of Carnivals travelers, visitors, representatives and all others dealing with sake of the Company * Protecting the earth, remembering the marine condition for which Carnivals vessels sail and the networks in which we work * Continue to keep Carnivals Corporate Standards which go significantly past the prerequisites of c urrent natural law and guidelines. * Carnival is essentially a remote organizations occupied with the matter of working voyage ships in worldwide transportation. (CI #5) Key Executives:Mickey Arison: Chairman and CEO of Carnival Corporations David Bernstein: CFO and senior Vice President of Carnival Corporations Howard S. Straight to the point: Vice Chairman and Chief working official Alan B. Buckelew: CEO and President of Princess travels Gerald R. Cahill: CEO and President of Carnival Cruise lines Larry Freedman: Chief Accounting Officer and Vice President-Controller Michael Thamm: CEO of Costa Crociere, S. p. A. Arnaldo Perez: Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary Stein Kruse: President and CEO of Holland America Line David Dingle: CEO of Carnival UKMichael Ungerer: President of AIDA Cruises Board Members: Mickey Arison: (Internal) President since 1979 and CEO since 1990 Howard Frank: (Internal) Vice Chairman of the top managerial staff of Carnival Corporations sin ce 1993, and Chief Operating Officer since 2003. Wharf Foschi: (Internal) on the top managerial staff for Carnival Corporation since 2003. Executive and CEO of costa crociene SpA. A bad habit administrator of confitama, the alliance of Italian boat proprietors. Robert Dickinson: (Internal) Director of Carnival Corporation since 1987 and of jamboree plc. since 2003.He filled in as president from 1993-2007 and CEO of Carnival journey lines from 2003-2007. Jonathon Band: (External) Director of Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc. Since 2010. Stuart Subotnick: (External) Director of Carnival Corporation since 1987 and of jubilee plc. Since 2003. Richard Glasier: (External) Director at festival enterprise and jubilee plc. since 2004. From 1995-2002 he was official VP and CFO of regal Caribbean travels. Arnold Donald: (External) Director of festival partnership since 2001 and a chief of jubilee plc. ince 2003. Modesto Maidique Ph. D: (External) Director of Carnival Corporation since 199 4 and of festival plc. since 2003. He likewise filled in as FIUs president from 1986-2009. John Parker: (External) Director of Carnival Corporation since 2003 and of Carnival plc. since 2000. He filled in as Deputy Chairman of Carnival plc. from 2002-2003 La

Critical Analysis of the problems facing manners Europe Coursework

Basic Analysis of the issues confronting habits Europe - Coursework Example The difficulties are frequently declined significantly more with absence of information about such contrasts or affectability to such contrasts, which may affect connections and the way in which business is finished. Now and again even the individuals who do comprehend the centrality of the national contrasts, frequently erroneously their method of doing things is the best and best. Each nation at any rate has a few contrasts in the manner business is done, human asset is arranged, individuals are roused, and even work laws rehearsed (Plessis, 2010:180; Mead, 2009). The shifting qualities, practices, and convictions that individuals hold are basic to the achievement of human asset the executives of a global business. This paper examinations the different human asset difficulties and issues that Manners Europe faces in its Netherlands office. It will do so utilizing different a quantities of hypothetical systems, for example, Hall’s High Low setting hypothesis and Hofstede†™s five measurements hypothesis to basically comprehend these issues. Case examination Problems confronting Manners Europe Based looking into the issue understanding of Manners Europe, it tends to be noticed that the organization division is confronted with operational and individuals the executives issues. This can be ascribed to the various ways that the Dutch convey about their business activities and the fare of the parent company’s United States the board style in the Netherlands business tasks the board. The key issues noted from Manners Europe circumstance include: Problems in persuasive strategies utilized Problems in remuneration the board Communication issues Problems in viable selecting and maintenance of workers Problem with the board style Problem concerning whether an European or American as Tom Steiger’s replacement These issues are as broke down underneath: Problems in inspirational strategies utilized Different individuals esteem various things and i t is these things esteemed that frequently sway the sort of inspiration procedures. This infers inspiration is profoundly affected by culture as it is culture that impacts the qualities that individuals hold. It is basic that what worker esteem and what persuades be unmistakably seen with the goal that viable working inspiration methodologies can be utilized (Hofstede, 2011). This means so as to comprehend the issues concerning why the compensation for execution inspiration strategies at present utilized in Manners Europe are not working it is basic to comprehend what the Dutch worth and what propels them dependent on their societies. Examining case dependent on the Dutch culture utilizing Gert Hofstede’s five social measurements (Mead, 2009; Brewster, Sparrow, and Vernon, 2011), it tends to be noticed that the Dutch are progressively individualistic people who spots favor a freely sew informal community and spot high an incentive in dealing with their own needs and those of their close families just as opposed to gatherings. This is obviously noted in the employees’ accentuation on meeting their social needs and the necessities of their families instead of feeling obliged to address the issues of the association (Verburg et al, 1999:397; Hofstede, 2011). The Dutch are less forceful and serious but instead place incredible accentuation on the personal satisfaction and a decent work life balance, and furthermore place a high incentive on codes of convictions (Tod, 2004:28; Hofstede, 2011). The business morals between the Dutch and Americans are extraordinary. While

How stakeholder theory linked with Corporate social resoponisiblty IN Essay - 1

How partner hypothesis connected with Corporate social resoponisiblty IN TESCO - Essay Example Tesco is an association that is the advertising specialist and structures some portion of the stakeholders’ hypothesis. It is connected with CSR in that it is remembered for the yearly reports given to CEOs and it characterizes the terms and strategies of the firm with the end goal of trustworthiness of the firm (Louche, Idowu and Leal Filho, 2010) Investors then again give the cash-flow to the organization and furthermore prepare showcase for the items and administrations. Every one of these gatherings has a major task to carry out in the business participate. Subsequently there is requirement for a wellbeing conjunction with these gatherings with the business. Blattberg who is a thinker contends that partner hypothesis expect the interests of partners yet a trade off can be made on these gatherings upon close contemplations (Simpson and Taylor, 2013). Louche, C., Idowu, S. O., and Leal Filho, W. (2010). Innovative CSR from chance administration to value creation. Sheffield, UK, Greenleaf.

Bonds Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bonds - Article Example As the obvious reality, securities are seen as the most secure type of speculation however with a generally low pace of return. In the light of ongoing emergency, speculators turned out to be more hazard unwilling and dependent on these drawn out money related instruments however not totally shielded from the hazard as financing costs are as yet liable to change. Security is a drawn out budgetary instrument that is fundamentally exchanged by huge partnerships and an administration (Class PPT, 2009)1 to fund-raise (Investopedia, 2009).2 Bonds are likewise given by governments so as to give secure long haul ventures of people in such organizations as annuity reserves (Ming, 2009). A borrower (guarantor) is obliged to pay head and enthusiasm on a foreordained date (development) to a financial specialist (investor) (Class PPT, 2009). As opposed to other money related instruments, security's pace of return is lower because of lower apparent danger of default. Nonetheless, if there should be an occurrence of such an episode, financial specialists despite everything get lower return (Class PPT, 2009). That reality consistently makes speculators careful in picking a solid organization for venture. Also, the emergency radiated in March of 2007 made the current money related circumstance rather unstable and erratic. The circumstance disheartened busine ss loaning and animated the acquisition of legislative Treasury notes (Hilsenrath, 2009). Current monetary circumstance invigorated speculators' interest for more noteworthy security of their capital.

How to Write an Essay Fast and Easy - Learn Simple Methods

How to Write an Essay Fast and Easy - Learn Simple MethodsThe writer is a creative genius who has mastered the art of language; he has a mysterious capacity to make the story we are discussing in words, but he or she can only muster up this talent to a limited extent, as all such talents that shine out like stars require lots of sunlight to be focused on. The ability to express ideas in words is a very strong weapon in the hand of the writer and one can utilize this ability to write an essay fast and easy.The best way to make a story simple is to give a good example. All good writers use some form of example in their essays, and if you want to learn how to write an essay fast and easy, do not restrict you to any particular example. You can make an example your first step towards simplifying the story.You can start with a basic example. If you want to learn how to write an essay fast and easy, you can start with the simplest case possible, and the simplest case includes very simple wo rds. Begin with one or two basic words. This means that you can simplify the story by finding some basic words and then rearranging them.An example that uses common and easily understood words can be a good example for you to consider when you want to simplify a story. Let us take the example of baseball, a very popular game that is very easy to learn and play. You can look for words like home run and ground ball and use them in your essay. These simple words will tell the reader what the article is about without introducing the reader to a complicated vocabulary.In the case of a baseball game, it is very easy to see what the story is about because every player in the game has a uniform, and each player is referred to by a number. The basic story in this case is simple but very effective. Any student of English would appreciate this simplicity of writing.Of course, when the story is simplified, the imagination starts working overtime. If the story becomes very complex, the imaginati on runs out of ideas and the writer is left with a lot of things to think about. The temptation of writing a very complex story can be a great help to the writer. The temptation to use a metaphor will be taken away by the simple story idea.Before you start writing a very complex story, make sure that you understand the basic idea of the simple story that you have decided to simplify. A simple story will teach you how to make an essay fast and easy and it will also teach you to limit the use of metaphors, similes and other techniques that are based on metaphors, similes and other techniques that rely on metaphor.You can also look for a good example by searching on the Internet. Go to some Internet sites and see if there is any example of a story where the writer has used a metaphor, simile or other technique that involves using a metaphor, simile or other technique that involves the use of metaphor, simile or other technique. If you are able to identify the words that were used in su ch a story, then the writer will know what he or she has to write in the next example.

Using College Search Websites To Research Colleges

HomeApplyShould You Use CollegeResultsOnline.Com To Research CollegesThis page may contain affiliate links.Apr 5, 2018In the spirit of a new college admissions cycle and for the benefit of both rising juniors and seniors we will be publishing a series of reviews of college search websites. Some have a plethora of worthwhile information which can really help a student create a thorough list of both academically and financially appropriate schools, while other search sites are merely front-ends collection sources for capturing student information and reselling it to companies (and colleges) wanting to sell products, services, and applications to students. So follow us to know which sites are worth spending your time on and which to avoid. College Results Online    3 Steps to Show Why You Should Visit:      In the  Choose a College  box, enter a college youre interested in.      Click on the Similar Colleges tab.    Change the Grad Rate Timeframe to 4-Year and the Most Similar Colleges to Top 25. and click update Table Data.    You now have a way to learn about colleges you have never heard of before and expand your college list.      What to look for on this site: The Excel Download Option This is the only website that allows you to simply download all of the information presented into an Excel spreadsheet. This is how I started creating my  College Search Spreadsheet. By having your own spreadsheet, you can start adding other information important to your family in the college search process.    Price and Financial Aid Tab Spend some time learning the information on this tabits worth it. Make sure you pay attention to the Average Net Price After Grants column. Any school with an  average net price  over $30,000 is highly unlikely to be offering substantial merit aid. Those under $26,000 are probably  good candidates  for merit aid. Anything in between you need to look at very closely.      What I Would Change About This Website What can I say, this is my favorite college search website, the one I use to measure all others. So there is very little that I find wrong with it.   I do think its missing some very useful information in the Price and Financial Aid tab. It doesnt include the percentage of freshman receiving institutional aid. This number is another very useful indicator for targeting schools for merit or need-based aid.  I also think that the default  graduation rate  should be set to 4-year instead of 6-year. And the advanced search option combines Division 2 and Division 3 athletics which doesnt make sense since one offers  athletic scholarships  and the other doesnt. College Results Online does not include information on class rank or percentage of financial need met. However, this information is only included in the data collected through the  Common Data Set  which is proprietary information. The data in College Results is primarily from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) run by the federal government.      Michelle Kretzschmar  created the  DIY College Rankings Spreadsheet, which contains information on over 1,500 colleges that families can use to identify  Ã‚  the best schools for them. Road2College Debbie Schwartz is former financial services executive and founder of Road2College and the Paying For College 101 Facebook group. She's dedicated to providing families with trustworthy information about college admissions and paying for college. With data, tools and access to experts she's helping families become educated consumers of higher ed. View all posts CATEGORIES Apply TAGS Researching CollegesNEWER POSTAmazon Prime Day College SpecialsOLDER POST7 Lessons From This Years Admissions Cycle

Death Of A Salesman And The Glass Menagerie - 1452 Words

Time and space is an intriguing concept. Arthur Millers (1949) Death of a Salesman and Tennessee Williams (1945) The Glass Menagerie both implement these concepts in different ways. Death of a Salesman is told through a man who is imagining his memories, while at the same time, living his everyday life. The Glass Menagerie similarly is being told through the narrator, Tom Wingfields memories, but not while he is living his present life. The characters in both stories similarly reminisce of the past because of their regrets. However, the purpose of the reader is different in these stories. Arthur Miller (1949) demonstrates that Willy Loman is trapped in his feelings of guilt for what he did in his past, and how his decisions led up to†¦show more content†¦Tom even admits that the show is meant to be sentimental and not realistic (p. 2). Jim, Amanda, and Laura are trying to relive their pasts, whereas Tom is trying to create a future. As this play is acted out within Toms memory, it can be assumed that any scene without Tom in it was relayed to him by another character or invented in his mind. One scene especially involving Jim and Laura, when Jim tells Laura he is engaged, after which Tom does not receive the full story, and leaves directly after. Therefore, this scene exists only in Toms space, not the rest of his familys. Tennessee Williams (1945) establishes that Jim is trying to relive his high school days, and uses Laura to try and fulfill it. When he and Laura speak together he reminisces of his high school glory days. You remember that wonderful write-up I had in The Torch?[†¦] It said I was bound to succeed in anything I went into (p. 87). He also gloats of how the girls loved him in high school. I was beleaguered by females In those days (p. 89). Tennessee Williams (1945) reveals how Laura is trapped trying to relive her past love for Jim. She gave up college because she was too embarrassed to continue (p. 11). She never pursued Jim because of his high school girlfriend (p. 14). When Jim comes to visit, Laura is still in love with him. She even goes faint when he arrives. She is obviously quite faint, her lips trembling, her eyes wideShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King, Death Of A Salesman, And The Glass Menagerie1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn unit two of the semester, the class focused our attention on drama. As a class we read three very good play’s Oedipus the King, Death of a Salesman, and The Glass Menagerie. While all three of these plays were well written and had their share of both dynamic and static characters, the reader can’t help but notice that the mothers in all three plays were secondary to their male counterparts. 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First and foremost,

Space Explorations and Researchers for NASA - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 908 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Space Exploration Essay Did you like this example? There have been many successful space explorations, astronauts, and researchers for NASA. But, none so inspiring as the woman who holds the record for the most days in space. Peggy Whitson, with a recorded 665 days, places 8th in the world out of both men and women. She has also completed 2 six month tours of duty for space expeditions 5 and 16. As a female astronaut and a space station commander, Peggy Whitson has broken records throughout her career and changed the path for women in STEM everywhere. Peggy Whitson was born in Iowa in 1960, where she graduated highschool and continued on to get her bachelors degree at Rice University in Houston, Texas. After earning her Bachelor of Science in Chemistry and Biology, she continued her research and education at Rice University to earn her Doctorate in Biochemistry (Wall, 2018). She was a part of both the predoctoral and postdoctoral Robert A. Welch Fellowship. After her research and time spent at Rice University, Dr. Whitson went on to work for NASA at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. There, she worked as a National Research Council Resident Research Associate (Roberts, 2015). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Space Explorations and Researchers for NASA" essay for you Create order During her time at the Johnson Space Center she worked on multiple expeditions and research projects. She worked as a researcher and technology monitor for the Biomedical Operations and Research Branch and as a developer for the Bone Cell Research Experiment. While at the space center in Houston, she also was a part a Joint-Working Group between the United States and the USSR in Space and Medical Technology (Roberts, 2015). In 1992 she was the Project Scientist in the Shuttle-Mir Program where she worked until the conclusion of the program three years later. While working with this program, she was also responsible as the Deputy Division Chief of the entire Medical Sciences Division at the Johnson Space Center. Simultaneously, she worked with yet another US-Russian Mission Science Working Group as Co-Chair (Wall, 2018). In 1996, Peggy Whitson was chosen as an astronaut candidate (Wall, 2018). This means that she was selected by NASA to be a part of the astronaut corps and to undergo a 2 year long candidacy training program. During the program, Peggy had to complete military water survival before beginning a flying course, and become scuba certified to prepare them for extra-vehicular activity training. She was also required to pass a swimming test. Although she was an Astronaut Candidate it did not mean she would become an astronaut, as all candidates have to complete and pass the training program (Astronaut Candidate Program). In order to officially become an astronaut, Peggy Whitson had to complete the International Space Station systems training, extra-vehicular activity skills training, robotics skills training, Russian language training, and aircraft flight readiness training. In 1998 Peggy Whitson became an official NASA astronaut. She became a part of the Astronauts Office Operations Plannin g Branch and was a lead for the Crew Test Report Team in Russia from 1998 to 1999 (Roberts, 2015). Peggys first expedition was Expedition 5, launching June 5, 2002. She was aboard the space station for six months, where she was named the first NASA Science Officer. While aboard, she installed and utilized multiple systems and conducted 21 investigations in human life sciences and microgravity sciences. Dr. Whiton also performed a four hour and 25-minute spacewalk to install micrometeoroid shielding on a service module. The Expedition 5 crew consisted of one American astronaut and two Russian cosmonauts, who returned to Earth on December 7, 2002. From completing her first flight, Dr. Whitson had logged 184 days, 22 hours and 14 minutes in space (Roberts, 2015). Peggy worked for the next several years as a NASA astronaut, including training as the backup International Space Station Commander for Expedition 14 and being a member of the Astronaut Selection Board in 2004 and again as a chair member in 2009. In October of 2007, Dr. Whitson was a part of Expedition 16, with the crew consisting of only herself and Cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko of Russia. The third member of their crew consisted of different rotating astronauts coming in and out via flights. Dr. Whitson was the commander of Expedition 16, and as so she oversaw the first expansion of the International Space Station in several years. She performed five moonwalks to supervise the additions of the European Columbus Laboratory, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency pressurized module, and the Canadian Space Agencys Dextre robot (Roberts, 2015). Peggy Whitson and her crewmate returned to Earth in April of 2008, logging 192 days. Through a womens record total of 10 career spacewalks, Dr. Whitson has logged 60 hours and 21 minutes. During Expedition 50/51, Peggy Whitson, age 57, travelled to the International Space Station for 17 days in 2016, setting the record as the oldest female astronaut to reach orbit and the first woman to command a space station twice (Wall, 2018). She set records for being the first woman and the first nonmilitary person to serve as Chief of NASAs astronaut corps, which she held for three years until 2012. Peggy Whitson retired in June 2018, but set records for women around the world. She worked on several projects, participated in 3 space expeditions, and had a career total of ten space walks. Most importantly, she blazed a trail for women in STEM. A NASA administrator has said that, as a female astronaut and an International Space Station Commander, Dr. Whitson is a testament to the American Spirit, due to her determination, strength of mind, character, and dedication to science, exploration, and discovery. (Wall, 2018). As a result of her diligence, commitment, and passion, along with her record setting experiences, Peggy Whitson is an inspiration to women, Americans, and astronauts worldwide.

Experimental And Brain Imaging Techniques - 1460 Words

Title: Evaluate experimental and brain-imaging techniques and consider what they tell us about the brain and cognitive behaviour in typical and atypical individuals. The question posed needs you look at the two different disciplines these the cognitive psychologist perceptive, and the other be biological psychologist. Both disciplines study the brain. It soon becomes apparent that both disciplines cross, join and merge at some point. Both use brain imagining techniques to study the brain and both research into what section of the brain is responsible for actions and behaviours. This essay is based on the loose discussion of what these techniques can tell researchers about the brain and memory. How brain imagery techniques are used to provide evidence on what area and part of that area of the brain are involved in the memory process. From both cognitive and biological perceptive. There are several technologies to allow researchers to create structural images of the brain. We can use computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to produce a series of X-rays of the brain with the MRI this does produce much higher definition pictures more helpful because it goes beyond just the structural data. Newer techniques like the position emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imagery. Where the pet requires the participant or patient to ingest a radioactive substance that many if not all participants in a research study may be, are very unwilling do.Show MoreRelatedBrain Imaging Techniques Used Today1645 Words   |  7 Pages Brain Imaging Techniques Duane Perrin Eastern Oregon University 11/11/2016 â€Æ' Since the beginning of time people have been trying to understand what is going on inside our heads. With the development and continuous advancement of brain imaging techniques it has become possible to do just that. It is now possible to produce both structural and functional images of the brain. While brain imaging techniques have advanced significantly throughout history and proven extremely useful, they stillRead MoreDr. Jennifer Chan, The Head Of This Tumor Research1132 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Institute and the Experimental and Applied Therapeutics Program (ExpAT). Her research team at the University of Calgary is made up of 12 people which include three graduate students. While other investigators are all specialized in particular fields, such as Neurosurgeons, Neuro-Oncologists, Neuro-Pathologists, Radiation Oncologist, Technicians or Post-doctoral researcher. All of them from the different area are right now cooperating in the same laboratory to perform brain cancer research. Read MoreCognitive Psychology And Human Cognition1499 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive neuroscience categorised as one of the many approaches to human cognition, focuses on the study of both the brain and behaviour in collaboration. Evidence from such approaches can be used to understand in depth, the mental processes forming cognition. Consequently, this contributes to our understanding of the mind. Despite vast development in this field, various challenges are posed as no single method can answer every question raised due to its limitations and therefore must be combinedRead MoreResting State Functional Function : Summary Study790 Words   |  4 PagesThe majority of functional neuroscience studies have focused on the brains response to a task or a certain stimulus, however the brain is active even in its resting state \cite{fox2007spontaneous}. There are spontaneous fluctuations in the resting state that can be measured, which are related to activity that is intrinsically generat ed by the brain. Resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) is a neuroimaging approach that aims to identify these spontaneous cerebral hemodynamic fluctuations andRead MoreDevelopment Of Treatments For Brain Disorders1516 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopment of treatments for brain disorders has always been a problematic issue due to the lack of knowledge and information on the physiology and mechanisms of many of these disorders (Stoeckel, 2014, p. 245). Various diseases, especially the lethal ones such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, have many unanswered questions and vast gaps to be filled at the biological level that are critical in formulating treatments for each disease (Stoeckel, 2014, p. 246). As a result, the developmentRead MoreThe NITRC 1000 Functional Connectomes Project And The Human Connectome Project1306 Words   |  6 Pagesgraph theoretical techniques was applied to the large-scale complex networks found in many real-world phenomena. The recen t surge in the development of the multidisciplinary field of network theory has led to a proliferation of tools and techniques used in the analysis of networks that arise almost everywhere. From social networks to genomics, network analysis has been applied to fields encompassing the entire scientific spectrum. As the technology and data acquisition techniques used by researchersRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind Becomes Of Critical Importance860 Words   |  4 Pagesentity compared to the physical neurons within the brain. However, the field of neuroscience is finding many connections between the physical nature of the brain and the supposed non-physical aspect of the human mind. In a sense, neuroscience seeks to understand the functioning of the mind in terms of the physical neuronal firings of the brain. In addition, neuroscience seeks further information concerning the â€Å"fixity† and â€Å"plasticity† of the brain. The field of neuropsychology was developed in responseRead MoreHigh Fidelity Optical Reporting Of Neuronal Electrical Activity With An Ultrafast Fluorescent Voltage Sensor1431 Words   |  6 Pageselectrical signals in the brain is discussed. The authors express the importance of optical representation of electrical activity in the brain as an extremely useful tool for various neuroscience applications. This includes mapping the activity of genetically defined neurons in the brain and decoding neuronal communication. In particular, previous methods lacked in a few abilities the authors hoped to improve on by testing their hypotheses. The abilities included spatio-temporal imaging of how input signalsRead MoreVarious Brain Structures : Informed Consent Forms1325 Words   |  6 Pagesblood flow that are correlated with brain activity. Measuring changes in blood flow will help determine which areas are active during particular tasks or situations (Ray Oathes, 2003). PET- based techniques will also be useful in detecting neurotransmission, more specifically dopamine neurotransmission (Badgaiyan, 2014). Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) According to Symms, Jager, Schmierer Yousry (2004) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides anatomical and pathologyRead MorePositron Emission Tomography (Pet Scan)1563 Words   |  7 Pagesscan, you will be introduced to a fairly new medical imaging technique. Since this emerging modality is so new, a lot of the general public is not aware of what a PET scan exactly is. This essay will help explain the concept of this modality and the characteristics of it that allow doctors to diagnose and manage the proper care for some of todays most devastating medical conditions known to man. Positron emission tomography, also called PET imaging or a PET scan, is a diagnostic examination that uses

Oedipus The King The Dramatic Twist Of Fate - 1148 Words

Sophocles wrote â€Å"Oedipus Rex† on C. 430 B.C.E as part of a trilogy, Oedipus the King was later translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald which still conveyed the dramatic twist of fate in this historic play. The introduction of this play begins with Oedipus’s father Laïos, King of Thebes, being warned through a prophecy that his son will kill him and marry his wife Iocaste, Queen of Thebes. Knowing that this could be his future Laïos try his best to change his fate, not knowing his fate was already doomed. Unable to kill his own son, Laïos orders one of his herdsmen to his three day old son. The herdsman could not find it in himself to commit such as heinous crime, he maims the baby by stabbing him in his foot (this where Oedipus name originates from, which means swollen foot) and gives him to another herdsman so he can Oedipus. Instead of killing Oedipus the second herdsman gives the baby to his king who does not have children and raises baby Oe dipus as his own. Oedipus grows up and hears of the prophecy, frightened of his destiny flees from his adopted kingdom of Corinth and winds up back where he is conceived. Since he believes his adopted parents are his biological parents, because he was never told he was adopted, he unknowingly kills his biological father and then saves Thebes from the Sphinx. The people of Thebes rewards Oedipus by making him the King of Thebes and made Iocates his bride. By doing this the prophecy is fulfilled. You have to know where youShow MoreRelated Destiny, Free Will and Choice - The Power of Fate in Oedipus the King1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Fate in Oedipus the King The concept of fate has existed since the time of the ancient Greeks. The Greeks believed very strongly in fate, which can be defined as either a power beyond human control that determines events, or the outcome or end. In Oedipus Rex, King Oedipus lives and dies by fate. Fate influences the entire plot, thereby allowing for some interesting developments that may be unpredictable to the audience. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex, fate truly is a huge factorRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Defining Fate1000 Words   |  4 PagesFate in Oedipus Rex      Ã‚  Ã‚   During ancient times, the Greeks believed very strongly in a concept called fate.   What is fate?   Fate can be defined as a cause beyond human control that determines events.   It can also be defined as the outcome or end of some sort.   In Oedipus Rex, King Oedipus is a character that lived by fate and died by fate.   This element of fate truly impacted the storyline and the plot, while allowing for some interesting developments that may have been unforeseen byRead MoreOedipus the King1065 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’ use of irony is amongst the greatest of all time, as demonstrated masterfully in Oedipus the King. He displays both ambition and understated humour by using irony in diverse ways, both cosmic and dramatic, as well as verbal irony to add a greater level of wit. Every word spoken holds great symbolic weight and those words contribute to a narrative that reflects the gods plans. Adversely the work of Johnathan Swift takes the form of a s ocial satire, combining economic arguments with a sociopoliticalRead MoreSophocles Oedipus the King as Nothing More Than a Detective Story1992 Words   |  8 PagesSophocles Oedipus the King as Nothing More Than a Detective Story The play â€Å"Oedipus the King† is a Greek tragedy written by Sophocles in the early days of antiquity and is based upon an ancient story in Greek mythology. It was written around a time when Rome was in power and Athens was the centre of the world. In this time, people believed that the Gods controlled all and that fate and destiny could never be escaped. Based on the title of this essay, I do believeRead MoreStories Of Anowa, Oedipus The King, And Cinderella925 Words   |  4 PagesThere are various extraordinary stories that people have read in their lifetimes that they will never forget. After reading several poems and stories this semester, there were three outstanding stories that caught my attention. Anowa, Oedipus the King, and Cinderella stood out to me from all the stories that have been discussed and read in class. While reading Anowa, I was drastically becoming interested into the main character, Anowa. What made me interested in her was the fact that many peopleRead MoreComparing Oedipus and Job Essay1021 Words   |  5 Pagesof tragedy is based upon celebrating this very aspect of the nature of the pantheon of Greek gods. Sophocles finds a perfect example of this celebration of fate, in the tragedy Oedipus the King. Conversely, the Story of Job uses the dramatic tension of a wager between God and Satan on the sincerity of Jobs devotion to God. Where Oedipus life, regardless of personal choice, is bound up by fated situations and their fated outcomes, Jobs story is one of choice in the midst of supernaturally imposedRead MoreOedipus Data Sheet2569 Words   |  11 Pages Major Works Data Sheet Oedipus the King Title: ________________________________ Sophicles Author: ______________________________ Date of Publication: ____________________ Around 450 BC Tragic Drama/Theater Genre: _______________________________ Historical information about the setting The work was written around 450 BC, a time of high Greek culture where literature and drama were placed at the forefront of society. Sophocles was a key player in this movement, and his playsRead MoreEssay on Oedipus the King2013 Words   |  9 Pagesfurther specified as dramatic or tragic irony. These types of irony often occur in plays, stories, and movies; where viewers or readers are led in one direction and director or author reveals different results than what is expected. The sudden twists and turns create drama and keep people interested thus, deserving the name dramatic irony. In the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, things are not as they seem. According to Matt Wolf of the International Harold Tribune, â€Å"dramatic irony could not haveRead More Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex Essay3192 Words   |  13 PagesDramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   M. H. Abrams defines dramatic irony as a situation wherein:      Ã¢â‚¬Å"the audience or reader shares with the author knowledge of present or future circumastances of which a character is ignorant; in that situation, the character unknowingly acts in a way we recognize to be grossly inappropriate to the actual circumstances, or expects the opposite of what we know that fate holds in store, or says something that anticipates the actual outcome, butRead MoreLiterature: Compare and Contrast - Literary Devices5483 Words   |  22 Pagesliterary works by authors of all ages, writing non-fiction and fictional stories, poetry, and essays. The act of analyzing two different authors by both comparing their work and isolating their contrasting elements, can be difficult, yet rewarding. Oedipus Rex (Sophocles), written in 429 B.C., offers the authors use of Greek Mythology, oracles, Greek gods, deception, and murder. Throughout the series of events, the reader is given clues to the true identity of the murderer resulting in a traumatic

Disruption Of The Airline Industry - 1226 Words

Disruption in the Airline Industry Prepared by: Mark Lanz City University of Seattle, IS-330, winter 2016/2017 Abstract Keywords: hypothesis Disruption in the Airline Industry Conceptual air carrier, Poppi, provides the framework for an analysis that will be discussed throughout this paper in regards to disruptive technologies and their effect on the airline industry. Baltzan (2015, p. 231) observes that disruptive technologies are â€Å"a new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing customer.† Shu (2015) offers the airline industry is continually trying to reinvent itself to attract attention and increase revenue. However, the stress and headaches experienced by most†¦show more content†¦Similar to Uber and Airbnb, Teague’s concept would absolutely offer disruption to the status quo of air travel (Shu, 2015). The conceptual air carrier is called Poppi and they have analyzed the stress experienced by travelers and other industry shortcomings to focus on the needs of the passenger while ignoring established industry practices. Would these radical ideas offered by Poppi c reate a wake-up call for the airline industry, and particularly legacy carriers? Professor Taneja explains that most airlines acknowledge the importance of disruptive innovation, however, their degree of reaction varies greatly from one carrier to another (Accenture, 2017). He also notes the industry is divided in their reaction to disruption with some continuing business as usual and others completely overhauling how they do business altogether. Strategies for transformation in dealing with each carrier’s workforce, processes, and legacy systems requires the right mindset and leveraging emerging technologies. Poppi attempts to addresses these issues while focusing on what bothers air travelers most and changing the mindsets of major carriers to envision the future of air travel. Wilson (2015) reports Devin Liddell, Teague’s principle brand strategist, would eliminate carry-on luggage and reduce the size of overhead bins to only accommodate personal items such as compu ter bags and jackets. Teague conducted boarding simulationsShow MoreRelatedRailway Labor Act And Impact On Modern Day Airlines1564 Words   |  7 PagesRailway Labor Act and Impact on Modern Day Airlines For decades, the railroad industry was in a period of great economic political, and industrial changes in the United States. The industrial boom was taking its toll on the United States, and the widespread violent work stoppages were detrimental to the railroad industry due to tensions escalating between unions and workers. President Calvin Coolidge was strongly vocal about the issue and urged railroads and unions to recommend legislation to improveRead MoreExternal Factor Airline Industry833 Words   |  4 PagesExternal Factors: Oportunities * Acquisitions * Asset leverage * Financial markets (raise money through debt, etc) * Emerging markets and expansion abroad * Innovation * Online * Product and services expansion * Membership of any airline alliance will help to increase reach via code share agreements * Leverage on association with coffee company like Starbucks to provide onboard coffee by creating awareness in all coffee outlets * International flights and global expansion * PotentialRead MoreExternal Analysis PESTL Analysis1224 Words   |  5 Pagesmodel. Thereafter, an analysis of the industry and competitive environment of AirAsia will assist in identifying the main oppurtunities and threats. PEST Analysis - Macro Environment The PEST analysis is used to describe a framework for the analysis of a range of macro environment factors including the Political, Economical, Social, Technological environment. a) Political The political influence on the airline industry is very relevant to the growth of the airline, specifically in the Asia-PacificRead MoreAir Canadas Business Case Study1210 Words   |  5 Pagesof its dependency on technology to operate its business and any IT system failure might have a negative effect on its business. Interruptions or disruptions in service Air Canada’s business is significantly dependent upon its ability to operate without any interruptions and disruptions to or from a number of hub airports. Interruptions and disruptions in service may be caused by demand and cost of air travel and it may be adversely impacted by many factors such as environmental, technological andRead MoreDelta Airlines : The Largest Operating Airline1458 Words   |  6 PagesDelta airlines is the oldest operating airline in the United States, one of the five remaining legacy carriers, and a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. It was founded as a crop dusting service company in 1924 in Macon, Georgia. Since its early years Delta airlines has gone through all the regulation changes from early years of commercial aviation to recent years, and has been highly influenced by the government laws. The first major piece of legislation created by Congress relatedRead MoreOperational Risk Case Study1335 Words   |  6 Pages8.2.4 Operational risk. The airline industry is subject to extensive government regulation, and new regulations may increase operating costs. Airlines are subject to extensive regulatory and legal compliance requirements that result in significant costs (Delta Airlines Inc., 2017). The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) from time to time issues directives and other regulations relating to the maintenance and operation of aircraft that necessitate significant expenditures. The company expects toRead MoreDelta Airlines : Effect Of Regulation1748 Words   |  7 Pageswas known as Huff Daland Dusters. This airline was mainly used to dust crops and get rid of unwanted insects. A decade later Collet E. Woolman bought the company and renamed it to Delta Air Services. The company performed their first passenger flight on June 17, 1929, and it began to grow rapidl y due to acquiring of smaller airlines and the addition of routes (History of Delta Air Lines, 2017). This paper explores how different regulations affected Delta Airlines throughout its existence, and how theRead MoreA Report On The Airline Industry1218 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The first scheduled commercial airline flight lasted only 23 minutes and had one passenger who paid $400 on January 1, 1914 according to www.ibtimes.com. The webpage goes on to say that on January 1, 2014, an estimated 8 million people flew on nearly 10,000 flights. This illustrates how far along the airline industry has come. We also now fly cargo by itself further proving how far the airline industry has come. The airline industry operates in various countries all over the world, andRead More Airline Industry After September 11th Essay618 Words   |  3 Pageschanges in our country. Although there were many after effects of the September 11th attacks, the airline industry was most impaired. This paper will explain two factors related to the airline industry that were most affected, the American people and the economy. People had many different reactions to the attacks on September 11th. Some people became more fearful and scared to fly. The airline industry was affected because people were canceling their flights. â€Å"Immediately after the attacks, domesticRead MoreThe Deregulation Of The Airline Industry1037 Words   |  5 Pagesall commercial airlines under the Railway Labor Act. Since then, there was a period of 42 years under economic regulation where the government oversaw labor relations. Since deregulation, the goals of collective bargaining have not changed much, nor have the objectives of management and labor unions. (Wensveen, 2011, p. 422) The deregulation of the airline industry may have been a win for passengers, but most likely not a win for labor groups. Prior to deregulation the airline industry was highly unionized

English For Academic Purpose for Peer Learning -myassignmenthelp

Question: How can peer-to-peer learning promote student independence, and how can students best utilize the experience of their fellow students? Answer: Introduction: Peer to peer learning can be defined as acquiring skills and knowledge through supporting and actively assisting among matched students or companions. Peer-to-peer learning is about sharing knowledge within network of educational environment with students on larger scale. Goal of this type of learning process are introduced is to create valuable learning opportunities and building supportive relationship among fellow students for enhancing knowledge gaining and sharing experience. Dialogue between practice and theories are enhanced by removing barriers to communication and interaction. Such learning process focuses on higher education environment and it is promoted as a versatile teaching, valuable and learning strategy. Journals on peer learning seeks to establish and investigate such learning process (Barkley et al., 2014). Scope of peer learning has not be realized yet and they are often introduced in ad-hoc wayFand they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Discussion: Peer learning process enables students to practice, explore and question their own understanding of the issues or problems by managing their own learning experiences either in a formal or in formal instruction environment. Several different types of learning techniques are encompassed in learning process that helps in facilitating student based learning. Strategies incorporate din peer learning provides teachers to take a step back and enabling students to do teaching and interacting for a while. Students are involved interactively with their fellow students as strategies of such learning process is extremely advantageous. Different types of peer learnings: There are different types of peer-to-peer learning and it takes in the form of collaborative learning, dynamic group learning, and private study groups and senior students helping juniors in formal and in formal educational environment. Dynamic learning group- Dynamic learning group enable students to learn regularly from their fellow students. Dynamic learning environment is created by formation of such group by incorporating learning active learning into students prospectus and transforming the classroom into exciting learning place (Stentoft Arlbjrn et al., 2013). Cooperative learning- Cooperative learning is a structuring positive interdependence that helps in facilitation and guidance of learning process. In this type of learning, students works in pairs or small groups seeking solutions to any particular problems and discussing the concepts. There are several advantages of collaborative learning such as gaining knowledge in particular subjects, leadership skills development, thinking at higher level, promoting relationship between students, faculties and fellow students and enhance joint problem solving (Bowman-Perrott et al., 2014). Formal and informal learning group- Students in formal group received guidance and instruction from instructor to work on any assignment and complete their task. Such type of learning generates heterogeneous group. Instructor has a very crucial role to play in this type of setting, as he is responsible for evaluating and monitoring the performance of students. In informal setting, there is formation of small and temporary group and students work together with fellow students for discussing their concepts and answering to questions while supporting each other (press.jhu.edu, 2017). Contribution of peer-to-peer learning in promoting student independence: Under different circumstances, peer learning are useful in different way. Students are encouraged to become independent learners by way of per to peer learning. Students are provided opportunities to self-monitor- There are two processes that forms the basis of monitoring such as establishment of goals and gaining feedback by students form their fellow students. Students are encouraged to develop the use of their peer and self-assessment to monitor the efficacy of the strategies used in achieving learning goals. Communication development- Various steps are involved in the process of learning and this particular learning process motivates student to become well acquainted with the steps that are required in gaining knowledge and learning. Students are able to understand their own style o learning that they share with fellow students and enhance gaining experience. Promoting independent learning by using questioning- The process of peer-to-per learning involves transferring of responsibility from teachers to students step by step that gradually assist students in handling their task themselves while gaining support from their peers. Independent learning is promoted by developing effective disclosure in classroom for promoting thinking by responding to responses of students in a flexible way. It also assist students to develop capacity of deeper understanding and development of problem solving skills. Encouraging collaboration- Peer learning provides students with regular opportunities to complete their task in small groups and seeks idea development in spite of looking for answers from their teachers or instructors. Students are encouraged to learn from each other by collaborating with each other (jesexpertise.be, 2017). Another benefit of peer-to-peer learning is provided in the way of inculcation of employability skills in addition to development of other attributes such as enhancement of ability of students to communicate with their fellow students and critical appraisal. This would assist them in development and progressing their future career. Development of all such attributes would be beneficial to students, as they would have the skills of working in collaborative working environment (Young McNulty, 2016). All these skills would assist student in their professional life, as they would not be dependent upon their superiors for decision-making. Interaction and conversation of students with their fellow students while working in-group would help in promoting independence as they become open to have review and feedback and open to questions posed by others. This would enable them to solve problems while seeking suggestion and feedback from their fellow students. There is an improvement in skills of students by development of Psychological empowerment factors such as self-determination, impact and competence. Some of additional benefits of such learning process is enabling students to encounter with greater diversity perspective. The likelihood of students to work on knowledge improvement by gaining feedback from two different sources (psy.gla.ac.uk, 2017). Ways in which student utilize experience of fellow students: Students assisting their fellow students in classroom and seeking feedback is one of the powerful classroom technique. Collaboration of students with their fellow students helps in taking responsibilities and become motivated. Furthermore, students are able to develop a range of attributes through collaboration such as social and communication skill development, development of competencies, management of project and problem solving skills. One of the characteristic of cooperative learning is positive independence that is developed by peer learning process. It is perceived by students as well as teachers that their performance increases when working in group rather than working individually. Another attributes of such learning process is that when students engage with their fellow student in informal setting, they are provided with social support that facilitates better performance and motivation (Burke Sass, 2013). As per the discussion, it can be said that when students work togeth er in-group with other students, they are able to improve their learning process. Negative sides of peer-to-peer learning: Lack of confidentiality- Peer learning leads to creation of maximum transparency between students, instructors and fellow students. Creation of transparency is not entertained as it has some drawbacks. Students experience- Students engaged in practicing peer learning are involved consistently on working front and discussion of concepts. However, in such scenario, there is a lack of social conversation and they are not involved socially. Sometimes, it is healthy for students to engage socially as it enable them open to feedbacks and seeking problems solutions. For healthy conversation, it is sometimes required to get engage socially and there is not any possibility of social development (effectiveinstitutions.org 2017). This is one of negative side of peer-to-peer learning. Poor applicability- In some of the case while working in education environment, there is a possibility that such learning process is not properly and efficiently applied. If the learning process is not effectively applied, then collaboration between students and instructor will be ineffective. It has been ascertained from reviewing previous academic research on peer-to-peer learning that the process of peer learning provides students with ample of benefits. Positioning feedback is one of the operative tool of peer learning. Development of diversifies skills would assist students in their future carrier progression. Workplace would be enhanced by capacity of deep learning and understanding (Bene Bergus, 2014). Conclusion: It is concluded from the above analysis of several journals on peer-to-peer learning that students participating in learning process would development several attributes that will help them in in increasing their experience and knowledge along with future career progression. Learners are assisted in learning subject better and deeper along with learning transferrable skills in cooperation, helping, communication and listening. A sense of cohesive community is contributed by peer learning process. However, issues faced in such learning process are not likely to be addressed instantly. Recommendations: Negativity of peer learning process needs to be addressed by encouraging personal and social development. It is required by students to reshape their perception about peer learning and a connection is sought to be establish between gaining knowledge practically and working in classroom. The benefits of students learning can be expanded by engaging them in further opportunities of peer review. References List: Barkley, E. F., Cross, K. P., Major, C. H. (2014).Collaborative learning techniques: A handbook for college faculty. John Wiley Sons. Bene, K. L., Bergus, G. (2014). When learners become teachers: a review of peer teaching in medical student education.Family medicine,46(10), 783-787. Bowman-Perrott, L., Davis, H., Vannest, K., Williams, L., Greenwood, C., Parker, R. (2013). Academic benefits of peer tutoring: A meta-analytic review of single-case research.School Psychology Review,42(1), 39.. Effectiveinstitutions.org. (2017). Retrieved 11 October 2017, from https://www.effectiveinstitutions.org/media/The_EIP_P_to_P_Learning_Guide.pdf Iier.org.au. (2017). Retrieved 11 October 2017, from https://www.iier.org.au/iier23/moore.pdf Jesexpertise.be. (2017). Retrieved 11 October 2017, from https://www.jesexpertise.be/bibb/bijlagen/trends.pdf Psy.gla.ac.uk. (2017). Retrieved 11 October 2017, from https://www.psy.gla.ac.uk/~steve/courses/ceredocs/oldwikis/9.peerInt.pdf Pwb01mw.press.jhu.edu. (2017). Retrieved 11 October 2017, from https://pwb01mw.press.jhu.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/portal_pre_print/articles/okelly.pdf Stentoft Arlbjrn, J., Vagn Freytag, P. (2013). Evidence of lean: a review of international peer-reviewed journal articles.European Business Review,25(2), 174-205. Young, V. L., McNulty, C. A. (2016). In Practice.Perspectives in Public Health,136(4), 192.

Fagin in his mind Essay Example For Students

Fagin in his mind Essay Dickens immerses the reader into a dark atmosphere containing only evil, by using contrasting personalities and heinous crimes. In Fagin, Dickens attempts to portray a character who is resonant of terrifying wrongdoing. Fagins manipulation of Sikes is successful, as it shows both the nai vety of Sikes and the extraordinary self-control of Fagin. Sikess volatile reaction to the misinterpretation of events by Noah, suggests the unpredictability of Sikess character and his willingness to go to extremes, based even on a low amount of evidence. By concentrating on his irrational behaviour and his devastation at his actions, Dickens shows Sikes as the very insensitive character he is. Dickens begins the chapter by describing Fagin in terminology, that otherwise, wouldnt relate to human behaviour. By using words and phrases such as old lair, he bit his long black nails and fangs, Dickens is comparing the human and non-human activity of Fagin. He is described in such a way, that the image created, is comparable to a mysterious creature authors often use to represent evil. Dickens employs a technique where Fagin is shown as he is about to act like an animal, like when he uses the word crouching, as if to suggest Fagin is going to move in an unexpected way. The apparent rage of Fagin is effective at showing the life he lives, and the effects he thinks he has on others. The expression of the phrase mortification at the overthrow of his notable scheme demonstrates the undulating confusion Fagin has. His barrier to the outside world seems almost impenetrable. Dickens creates a volatile relationship between Fagin and Sikes by making an image of Fagin in his mind. The fact that Dickens uses phrases such as lips quivering so violently and by describing his expressions specifically as his face altered by emotions, shows us that Fagin is unsure of his actions and the way Sikes may react. His supposed knowledge of the outside worlds systems makes Sikes somewhat confused with Fagins personality, because he never usually ventures outside the life they have. Dickens then goes on to secretly show Fagin as wisely hiding his hatred for Sikes, who fails to see the value of restraint for contempt. He does this by playing Sikes character needlessly into the hands of Fagin. In pages 457 and 458, Fagin manipulates Sikess emotions by using a repetitive action: he suggests that many people such as Noah, Charley, Dodger and even Bet may have betrayed him. Fagins attitude suggests to Sikes, who is seen to be simple, that as the time goes on the evidence, although incorrect, is mounting. So then, when Sikes explosive reaction to the news that Nancy has betrayed him, it shows the reader his indeterminate nature and that he takes news from Fagin seriously and solely as the truth. Dickens use of Sikes as an immature character, who believes anything the elder will tell him, shows the audience who will be likely to control future events and whether or not there is a hierarchy in place. The use of moments such as when Sikes mentions that he would smash head as if a wagon had gone over it, to which Fagin replies You would? , seems to show that Fagin already knows this, but is playing Sikes along. And if that was the reason, it would make it obvious that Fagin is a malicious character who enjoys manipulating Sikes. Also it would further the evidence that Sikes is nai ve even to those who are close to him. In pages 457 to 459, Sikes is seen to be easily manipulated by Fagin, as the latter tries to make Sikes realise a false story constructed by Noah. Dickens describes Fagin as a man with devilish anticipation as if Fagin is extremely aware of his past actions and their consequences; but also the fact that the word anticipation denotes that Fagin is keen to see the outcome. Fagins role as the leader of the group creates a pecking order, so it is somewhat incredulous if a member, in this case Sikes, were not to believe the rank above them. .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 , .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 .postImageUrl , .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 , .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8:hover , .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8:visited , .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8:active { border:0!important; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8:active , .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8 .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uca25183eeadfe7a6337b1b0e60ad00d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparison of Robert Frost's tree EssayDickens shows that Sikes knows this and makes the character acknowledge that he must no impede the control of Fagin. He makes Fagin use Noah as a witness to the events, and makes it as if Noah has seen the events so then they must be true. Dickens doesnt let Sikes speak during the revelation and so the audience is left wondering what is mulling over in Sikesmind. The instability of his character lets the reader; ironically, predict the future actions of Sikes. It also produces a response from the audience and helps them to forecast that Nancy may be in terrible danger.

Sample Toulmin Essay

Sample Toulmin EssayAre you wondering what a sample Toulx assignment would look like? You could actually write your own essay by starting with the sample assignments, but if you don't want to take the extra time it will take to create your own essay, then you might just want to start with the one example and see how it goes.The three sample Toulx essay assignments that I have linked to are from my personal experience. They have all been written by others and they were all free. One of them is for the college level, so some of the questions might be a little more difficult. The other two are on a low level of college level, so you might be able to jump right in there.It is important to remember that your skill as a writer does not stop when you have finished your essay. It is important to review what you wrote so that you can make improvements before submitting your work. For example, I might have made a grammatical error when I originally submitted my essay. I have decided to fix the error because I think it would be easy and I really didn't realize how much grammar questions could be related to my essay topic. The best way to do this is to first check out the sample essay and then have someone read your work and help you fix any mistakes that they notice.This article would be incomplete without a review of the main reason why this technique works so well. After you have completed your assigned paper you will be able to use this tool for free. If you decide to use this method, this will give you a chance to practice with a sample essay.Once you submit your paper, you will receive feedback and corrections from readers. They can help you by giving their personal opinion on certain points or they may simply suggest improvements that you can make to your essay. The final feedback can be helpful for you, so look over the other sample essays that you might have already completed and see if you notice anything you can improve on.This is also another great reason to us e this essay writing software as it gives you the option to start over and start from scratch if you find that you didn't have an idea for your paper. You can also copy the beginning portion of your paper and you will still have an idea of how your paper will end up. You can see if the thoughts you had didn't make it into your final draft. This will be a great way to learn what not to do in order to write a well-written essay.Many people find that even when they know how to write a well-written essay, they don't always know what to put down as a paragraph or what to put as a note. When you are working with the sample essay in the software, you can go back and check out what you wrote to make sure that you weren't leaving something out. You can also get help from the essay writers who have already written and reviewed your paper so that you don't have to worry about writing your own.Toulmin has some of the best essay writing software on the market today. Using this tool can be helpfu l and fun, but it will help you make sure that you have great English skills as well. This will help you move forward with your career and will leave you feeling proud of yourself and ready to go to school!

5 Easy Resolutions for the New Year

5 Easy Resolutions for the New Year New Year’s resolutions are hard. There’s a reason you haven’t been doing these things all along- because life often gets in the way of going to the gym regularly, or eating better, or spending more time on passion projects. The trick is to make sure your resolutions are specific things you can achieve in the short-term. Otherwise, they’ll just end up repeating on your list at the end of next year, still undone and haunting you. In addition to any larger personal resolutions you might have for the new year, here are some small resolutions you can definitely achieve that  will make your work life better.1. Go to bed (slightly) earlier.This one is hard, I know. There’s that show on TV. And Facebook isn’t going to check itself at midnight, amiright? Try moving your bedtime up in 15 minute increments, and see how it goes. You’ll get more sleep and be more ready to get moving in the morning.2. Come up with a lunch plan.If you don’t do this already, plan to bring your lunch more often. Spend a little time on weekends coming up with a brief plan of what you’ll bring, and pick up those items at the store. That time, plus the mere 15 minutes it will take each night to pull together a salad, pre-made soup, or sandwich, will be worth it when you’re not buying $10 salads. Ease into it by saying you’ll start with a few days per week. You don’t have to turn into someone who eats a Sad Desk Lunch everyday; bring things you’ll like eating, and eat with coworkers, or outside.3. Don’t scrimp on the stress relief.Maybe a half-hour kickboxing class gets out all of your frustrations. Maybe a 3-hour Netflix binge is what you need to untangle your mind from a crappy day at work. Maybe you can do yoga in your living room while your dog tries to push you out of the way and lay on your yoga mat (true story). Whatever helps you get through the week, make sure you rally to do it twice a week . The rest of the week, you can stay on the couch and think about how you should be doing that thing.4. Don’t say â€Å"yes† to everything.Remember that it’s okay to say no to requests or invitations if you just can’t handle them. Maybe don’t try this when your boss invites you to perform a task that’s well within your job description, but going above and beyond is not always mandatory. Sometimes it’s just not possible to be the one who juggles all the balls. Know what your limits are, and don’t be afraid to say, â€Å"No, I don’t have the bandwidth for that right now.†5. Don’t get angry at the little thingsWe all have petty workplace grievances: someone who takes forever at the copier, or that guy who is just†¦ so†¦ annoying. Listen to the advice from that ubiquitous Frozen song and let it go. In the new year, try to tune out things that would ordinarily bump up your blood pressure. Chances are, you can’t do anything about the annoying things that people around you do, so don’t worry about them. You do you, and concentrate on what makes you more happy and productive.You got this. None of these things require major lifestyle changes, just a few†¦ tweaks. And even if this isn’t the year you finally finish writing that novel or lose 25 pounds, you can check these off and feel great about what you’ve changed for the better.

buy custom Alcohol Drinking among College Students essay

buy custom Alcohol Drinking among College Students essay It is very evident that it is very hard for a college student to resist an offer such as another glass of beer? or here, have another beer on my bill. Due to this, college drinking habits have drawn concerns by public health on the consequences of engaging in heavy alcohol drinking by college students. It is clear that colleges students involve in drinking habits displays certain patterns which are attributed by factors such as peer pressure, access to large amount of alcohol and wrong decisions undertaken by this students. reports from the national survey indicates that from the year 1999-2005, college student who drank five or more drinks between the age of 18 and 24 increased from forty one percent to forty five percent calling for an alarm (Ham Hope, 720). This paper will greatly review on the reasons why college students involve themselves in excess drinking, in what ways are organizations within colleges intend to reform and improve school drinking behaviors and what are the consequences of consuming alcohol in excess. It was in the year 2002 when the national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism called for quick action toward the increased drinking among college drinking in the United States. Not only is excess consumption of alcohol affecting the individual but also other people who are round them. It is increasing been noted that most students engages in excessive drinking so as to signify their adulthood, to cope with stress and to enhance collective gatherings. With such an alarming rate in amount of alcohol being consumed by today college students as compared to the past, it is very important that we try to find out what are the main reasons that force these students to engage in excess alcohol consumption. Before trying to discuss the various reasons as to why college students engage in excessive rinking it is important that we first try to define and understand what excessive drinking is (Warner, 56). Excessive drinking is defined as high rates of consuming alcohol which are mainly associated to negative consequences towards an individual consuming it and the people close to him. There are several factors which are known to cause the high rate of drinking among college students. Some of these factors include; Peer pressure. Morean et al (230) observe that it is very important that we define what peer pressure is, the term peer pressure can be defined as how a teenager or an adolescents behaves in the influence or in the presence of her or his adolescents friends. In this case of excessive alcohol consumption, this term has been divided into two that is; active and passive peer pressure. In active peer pressure, a college student may receive an explicit offer to drink more alcohol or just receive spoken criticism for refusing to indulge in alcohol consumption. When in the presence of such friends, a college student may be forced to drink more alcohol so as to avoid such criticism. Other than criticism, one can be subjected to direct pressure such that they are made to participate in drinking games or ordering of many rounds of beer or wine while in the bars and discos. Since different college students dont want to shy away from the various explicit offer there indulge in these drinking spr ees without realizing the consequences involved. Unlike active peer pressure, passive pressure does not involve an adolescent being issued with an explicit offer but rather it largely depend on the teens desire to fit in and adopting the morals and practices being carried out by his fellow teens. The phrase everyone is doing it, why not me can be used to effectively describe what passive pressure refers to. Passive pressure can be divided to social modeling in tthe consumption of alcohol and perceptions that emerges from these excessive drinking. Research indicates that peer pressure affects male students as compared to their female counterparts , it also go ahead in indicating that it is considered to poses a 78.2% in the reasons as to why teenagers engages in excessive alcohol consumption (Warner, 60). Parties in both the campus and residential home. Ham Hope (750) point out that it is very evident that the culture of most college students revolves around holding parties and having fun. Colleges students often hold parties in the absence of their parents, this largely contribute to their great involvement in excessive drinking whereby they tend to consume what they see their parents consuming. For the most students who live off campus they tend to hold house parties where friends are able to gain access to alcohol as compared to the rate they would have gain access in bars and restaurants. Other than home parties, many campuses have on-campus pubs and restaurant where parties are held. In these restaurants people came together and forms groups called fraternity. These groups are associated with excessive consumption of alcohol within the campus. Due to the fame associated to these groups, more youth tend to join them for recognition where later they engage in excessive drinking. Expectancies. It is very important that adolescents and teenage are very curious and they tend to think that they are already mature. Due to the fact that most of parents have a tendency of drinking in the presence of their children, this teenagers expects that excessive alcohol consumption causes pleasurable moments in life. It is due to this are college students engaging in excessive drinking so as to obtain pleasurable moments away from their usual books and constant reading (CASE, 1). Buy custom Alcohol Drinking among College Students essay

Scariest food additives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scariest food additives - Essay Example Mostly hydrogenated oil is an essential source of trans fat. Makers like it because it lessens expenses, expands timeframe of realistic usability and settles flavor; however a loss for customers. Trans fats are twice as troublesome for the body to break down as soaked fats, and due to their support of terrible (LDL) cholesterol and have been indicated to lessening great (HDL) cholesterol. They are dynamic executors of coronary illness, diabetes, healthful insufficiencies and cell weakening. Note: Products that hold incompletely hydrogenated oils however have short of what 0.5g of transfat for every serving can convey a "trans-fat free" name. Likewise remember that "completely hydrogenated oil" does not hold Trans fats. Result: Avoid sustenance holding Trans fats, including margarine, vegetable shortening, saltines, and treats, heated products, mixed greens dressings, breads and chips (Ornelas, 2007). Aspartame: Used in breakfast grains, soda pops drink blends, gelatin sweets, solidified pastries, yogurt, mulling over gum, diet nourishment, and as a tabletop sweetener under the brand names Equal and NutraSweet. Studies have proposed that it cause disease — particularly with deep rooted utilization or neurological issues. Aspartame additionally brings down the acidity of pee and may make the urinary tract more powerless to contaminate. High fructose corn syrup like table sugar (sucrose) is less expensive option and is a profoundly handled manifestation of glucose that has changed over into fructose. Fructose is a type of sugar usually found in apples and oranges. The argument against HFCS ranges from claims that it restrains leptin the hormone in charge of telling ones cerebrum is fully harmed, and tissues can hold poisonous levels of mercury. The contentions against HFCS are uncertain, yet one thing is sure: an excessive amount of sugar will hurt substantial methodologies in incalculable ways, including expanding danger for diabetes, heftiness

Qatar Electricity and Water Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qatar Electricity and Water Company - Essay Example Almost half (43%) of these shares are owned by the Qatar government itself and the rest (57%) by the private individuals (Water report for Qatar). This renowned company has many credits and achievements to its name. It runs power plants and desalination station to meet the consumption needs of the country. It has also signed up an agreement with the Qatar General Electricity and water corporation and sells its products to them as well. Given below is a statistical chart (Welcome to Qatar Electricity & Water Co) that shows the requirements of the Qatar electricity and Water Company for the graduates and trainees. As per the chart, the company opens its offers for the mechanical, electrical, chemical and instrumentation engineering branches and also has opportunities for semi technical and non technical employees. People from these backgrounds are trained in their respective fields as per the company's requirement. These trained people are finally recruited in technical fields of need. It also has some staff in the field of management, accounting and administration as well. This selection is done based on the requirement of the company for then and near future in mind. Qatari Graduates Work and Training Opportunities in the Company   qualifications field of work Grade Specialization university, graduates & diploma Technical bachelor degree or diploma in engineering mechanical electrical instrumentation chemical semi-technical bachelor in science computer - physics - chemistry – math non-technical bachelor of commerce / arts administration- accounting - management administration high school graduates technical-non technical high school science - non science The company has its own training programs and does concentrate on the program very well. The training program takes the employees through Qatar petroleum. A separate team is appointed to supervise the training program as this is considered to be an important phase in the employee assessment and evaluat ion. This generally involves graduates from Qatar and abroad as well. These graduates are trained to fill various technical supervisory jobs. The company also deals with other international companies that manufacture the sophisticated equipment that the Qatar electricity and water company uses and trains its employees in using this equipment. However there are certain requirements to be fulfilled by the graduates with tests and personal interviews as well. The company has been keeping itself abreast of the other companies, by adopting latest technologies and making sure it has its share in the international market. Qatar electricity and Water Company has also made sure that it stands in the international market by making sure the employees cope with the international standards and hence it lets the employees to go through English language tests asses their speaking skills to ensure they would be able communicate anywhere within and outside the country. Hence English has also been an other criterion in the selection of the candidates The company stands second to none when it comes to compensations of the employees. Qatar electricity and Water Company ensures the best compensation in the class. It rewards the employees with many benefits and huge salaries. It also has retirement system, making sure the employees lead a decent life even after their retirement. Apart from these it also offers its

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of youth justice policies in England and Wales since 1997 Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of youth justice policies in England and Wales since 1997 Essay Introduction When Labour took office in 1997 they claimed that they would be tough on crime and the causes of crime. The first 6 months were unprecedented, with six consultation documents being released on youth and crime each containing its own proposals these were first published in Tackling Youth Crime, Reforming Youth Justice (Labour 1996). To start this essay I will first discuss Labours 1997 White Paper, No more excuses: A new approach to tackling youth crime in England and Wales, where policy was laid out and then later legislated in The Crime and Disorder Act 1998. From this I will evaluate the weaknesses and strengths of the various elements of this policy which will include the aims of the youth justice system. Then in the second part move to evaluate the abolition of the doli incapax, the reparation order and parenting order. Thirdly I will evaluate the child safety order, local child curfew, final warning scheme, action plan order. The fourth part will be an evaluation of the detention and training order and new arrangements for secure remands of 12-16 year olds. And finally the establishment of the Youth Justice Board for England and Wales, Youth Offending Teams and the duties of the local authorities and other agencies to make sure the availability of the appropriate youth justice services. And then finally bring all my findings together to produce a clear and comprehensive conclusion; which I believe has many strengths and some weaknesses. The Labour governments 1997 White paper, No more excuses: A new approach to tackling youth crime in England and Wales is a document which sets out labours programme of reform for the youth justice system in England and Wales, it aims are a clear strategy to prevent offending and re-offending, that offenders, and their parents, face up to their offending behaviour and take responsibility for it, earlier, more effective intervention when young people first offend, faster, more efficient procedures from arrest to sentence, partnership between all youth justice agencies to deliver a better, faster system Home Office (1997). According to the Home Office (1997) the aim of the youth justice system is to prevent offending by young people. And the Crime and Disorder Bill has in it a requirement that it is the duty of all people working in the youth justice system to uphold these. The requirement covers all the youth justice agencies in England and Wales like the police, social services the probation services and others working in the Youth Offending Teams, the Crown prosecution service, defence solicitors, the prison services and courts and the way they deal with young adults. The claim is that this will provide unity between them all and that everyone is striving for the same purpose. The government will also complement this with a new proposal for a new Youth Justice Board for England and Wales who will give advice on how to set standards and how to monitor performance. Also this will not take over or supersede practitioners previous roles, but will support them to understand their actions and choices when they deal with young people this can help to stop offending and can prevent avoidable delays; such as the chances of offending when awaiting sentence can be reduced, also making young people responsible for their own behaviours which can help youths understand and change their behaviours. Also community and custodial penalties whose priorities are on the causes of offending which can be enforced can help. This duty that has been stated is a clear strength bringing the various agencies and services in the same line and having one clear aim of what the task ahead is this also eliminates any confusion that might have existed. The government according to the Home Office (1997) proposes that an aim of youth justice system and the duty discussed previously and their practitioners would be supported by more complete, non statutory objectives for these agencies. These would support the proposals made by Jack Straws Youth Justice Task Force which is a variety of people and groups that have a high knowledge of the system and have now issues of victims and representatives of the governmental departments. The Task Force stated their recommendations for preventing offending which were, a speedy administration of justice so that the accused matter can be sorted out quickly, confronting offenders with the consequences of their actions, for themselves their families, victims and their communities. Punishment which reflects the seriousness and the persistence of the offending. Also to support reparation to victims by the offenders and to strengthen the responsibilities of parents and to help offenders to fix their problems and to build a sense of the personal self. This is also strength as all involved have a good knowledge of the problems and the system and would be a good resource to the system to have. And also what the Task Force has recommended is also a good step forward as it is these that have stopped the system from being efficient. Moving onto the abolition of the doli incapax the reparation order and parenting order. The doli incapax according to Muncie (2009:275) In England and Wales, children fewer than 10 could not be found guilty of a criminal offence, and the law for many years believed that those under 14 were incapable of criminal intent. But during the 1990s the doli incapax, which had been in the law since the 14th century, was being challenged by both the right and the left. This was due to the Bulger case, the policy was put under review by the conservatives after the 1994 High Court ruling. Three years later it was abolished in the Crime and Disorder Act, the reasons given for this were so that they could convict young offenders who wreaked havoc on communities this was based on the fact that they believed that 10 and 13 year olds could capable of knowing between right and wrong. This was against what the UN had recommended for The UK which they had made in 1995 then 2002 to come in line with the rest of Europe but the government went totally in the other direction. They gave no direction to the courts and to the youth offending teams that overall child welfare is the main consideration. This is a weakness as it contradicts what Labour had said in there White Paper, and the fact that the YOTs would be confused with conflicting policies. This legislation manages not to take the childs age into consideration and this can be seen just by looking at the rest of Europe are the children in the UK not the same. The reparation order is for young adults to understand the cost of their actions and to take responsibility for them. What is asked is that they repair the damage caused directly to the victim through mediation if they both agree or to the community indirectly cleaning up graffiti and other tasks around the community. This would be managed by the YOT, this can be a real strength in the rehabilitation process giving something back to the victims and the community and being able to see the damage they have caused helping to change their lives around. Also the parenting order which has been stated by the Home Office (1997) to be created so that it can give support to parents so they can control their children. The order requires parents attend a counselling or guidance session once a week for 3 months and if the courts think that it is needed then a requirement to make sure that children attend school and to see that they get home on a certain time. This is also a strength as it forces parents to be responsible as some parents let their children do what they want to and so this is a good way of making parents act so that they can help their children from offending. Now moving onto the child safety order, which according to the Home Office (1997) has been developed to safeguard children who are under ten where there is risk that these children will be involved in crime or signs of anti social behaviour can be seen. This could be available to local authorities in the family proceeding court. A court would be able to make a child stay at home at a certain time or ban them from going to certain places. They could also stop certain behaviours like truanting; this could also be combined with a parenting order. And if these are not obeyed then the local authority can start proceedings. The strength of this is a the combination of the two orders as it can be most effective this way by handing responsibility 2 both parent and child giving maximum results. Then there is the Local child curfew which is for the Childs own good and to stop neighbourhood crime and disorder and states that children should not be out without supervision at night. This can be used by the local authorities and police but they would have to get permission from the Home secretary. Also the council could then bar children under 10 from certain public places after certain times. These can last for up to 90 days and if these are to be extended then police and local community. The strength of this is that it involves the local community so determining whats best for the members of their own community. Then there is the final warning where the Home Office (1997) has replaced the cautioning with a statuary police reprimand, what happens is that the police can decide to reprimand a child and give them a final warning or to bring criminal charges to the offender. What then happens is a community intervention programme is forced which makes the offender and his family address the causes this behaviour which can help solve the problem. What the final warning entails is that the first offence the offender can receive a reprimand by the police if the crime is not that serious and if it carries on then a another final warning or criminal charges can be pressed. But on no grounds must 2 final warnings be given. The strength of this is that it lets the offender know that they will be strict and will not put up with it again a final warning is a final warning. Also an action plan order which is like a community penalty for young offenders, this is a small, rigorous programme where community intervention is used combined with punishment and rehabilitation so that the offenders behaviour can be changed and more crime can be stopped. The strength in this lies in the way that it uses various methods simultaneously like community intervention, punishment and rehabilitation which can only increase the chances of success. Moving onto and new arrangements for secure remands of 12-16 year olds. The Home office (1997) state that the government should have undeniable powers to remand to secure accommodation. For young people who are of the age 10-16 and are awaiting trial. And so The Criminal Justice Act 1991 and the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 included in its provisions to amend the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 which was to allow courts to remand 12-16 years olds directly to secure local authority accommodation with certain conditions. But this was not put into operation. The conservatives had started a building programme which was for 170 new local authority secure places, there completion date was 1998. But Labour said that these would be not enough. And so declared to use the Crime and Disorder Bill to implement court ordered remand power on some groups of youths. Priority would be gives to 12-14s then girls of the age 15 and 16 and also boys of that age when places become available. This is due to courts believing that these children are vulnerable and they are emotionally and physically immature and so there is a danger that they could harm themselves, this is also strength as it recognises that they are still young but this also does contradict other policies in this White Paper which it does on many levels. Also detention and training orders, these will give powers the Home Office (1997) states can be used for 10-17 year olds and courts can use these only if it is a very serious crime and if they are persistent offenders and the court believes it is needed to protect the public. This will also added to 10-11 year olds but would only be permitted by parliament if seen to be needed. The length of the sentence will be divided, half of it will be in custody and half in community supervision and this also could be adjusted if good behaviour is seen. This is a good as it does not just impose a detention where by this can harden the youth and in some cases lead to further crimes but with the community supervision would let the offender know that they have been given a chance to mend their ways. Then Maguire, Morgan and Reiner (2002:560) discuss Labours new youth justice which is the forming of the Youth Justice Board (YJB) and the Youth offending Teams (YOTs); and also what takes place through this legislation is a restructure of non custodial penalties in the youth court. So considering Labours main aim of having a youth justice system which prevents offending by children and young adults, the way labour went about this is to impose order from the centre. There tools to enable this was a catalogue of legislations, also the then Home secretary Jack Straw formed a youth justice task force the aim of this was to keep a tight link with all the other agencies involved with young offenders. Due to the section 41 of the Crime Disorder Act the YJB had turned into a non departmental public body which was then sponsored by the Home Office. The job of the YJB was to monitor the running of the youth justice system and the provision of the youth justice services and also the national standards and establishing the right performance measures. What also the 1998 Act made possible was for the home secretary to give the board more powers which included the YJB becoming the commissioning body of all the placements that are under 18 in a secure facility on remand or have a sentence from the courts. The YJB was also given control over commissioning places including prison services YOTs, secure training centres (STCs) and local authority secure units. This is also strength as it brings together all the agencies under one roof you could say and so the aims are understood by all and are the same this can only help. This brings me to managerialism, the reason the YJB and the YOTs were set up in the first place was because according to Muncie (2009:297) investigations from the Public Accounts Committee, Audit commission and the National Audit Office recommended and supported subjugating professional skills independent managerial ideals of what works, which could attach certain resources to credible and successful outcomes and which could initiate responsibility to law and order from a central state to a sequence of semi independent local partnerships which will include privatized bodies and voluntary agencies. Words such as individual need, rehabilitation, reformation, penal purpose and due process are replaced by techniques of classification and actuarialism, risk assessment and resource management changes all the earlier understanding of law and order from understanding motivations of crime to making crime bearable through universal coordination. This is a total difference from earlier ways and managerial system is thought to lower the standard or expectations of what a government can achieve in the youth justice system. This to me is a weakness as it is being run like a business which always has its priorities in cost and reduction, but also I can see strengths to as it can be more efficiently run with professionals running it with the right knowledge. The Act also contained anti social behaviour orders. Muncie (2009:317) explains that they are usually refer to a variety of things such as youths that hang out causing trouble making a nuisance of them and to their neighbours, making noise, vandalising property, littering, and causing graffiti to public property and drunkenness. This has been a priority in England and Wales, the key to New Labour was to strengthen the ability of the criminal justice system so they could treat disorder and the lack of respect but serious crimes too as it was clear that disorder was rising and was affecting neighbourhoods and also that it was a sign of times to come more serious crimes. The police and courts were said to be powerless against the nuisance and the anti social behaviour that was being caused and that this was being mixed in with impunity. Second at the centre was a program and wish not just to reduce crime and disorder, but to encourage a process of civil renewal and civic responsibility. Third the broken windows theory was taken aboard a it was believed that a failure to accept zero tolerance policing of lesser serious offending and signs of disorder could only further destroy already deprived and marginalized communities. The Anti social behaviour order (ASBO) was the flagship of New Labour in their 1998 Crime and Disorder Act. Muncie (2009:318) explains that this is a civil not a criminal order and can be given by the police and local authority to anyone that is over 10 years of age whose behaviour can cause alarm, distress or even harassment. The minimum time an order can last is two years. But if you breach the order it will be treated as a criminal offence and the punishment for this can be up to two years in prison for juveniles and five years for adults. Certain local authorities went even further and started to experiment with Acceptable Behaviour Contracts (ABCs) which were for even lower levels of behaviours and for lower ages those below for ten years of age. And if they are given an order then they must agree and to take steps to correct their behaviour, the steps will be decided by local youth offending team (YOT) and their parents must also agree on the steps. Initially when the ASBO was introduced it was said that it was for adults that were nuisances to their neighbours, but this statement was later changed and became for young people and areas that high crime rates became the targets of this order. The Home office review, 58% were made on under 18 year olds and a further 16% on those aged between 18 and 21. There are certain steps in this that are positive but to me there are inherent weaknesses to, like to give anti social behaviour order and lock youths in their houses and stop them from going into certain locations can work but does not address the real problem, and Labour could try and find the cause of these problems as this to me is just breeding further adult criminals and as we have seen lately getting an ASBO is something t o show off so demoralising it entirely. So to conclude I have found that Labour have a lot of strengths in their Youth Policy but have inherent weaknesses which stem from various contradictions in the policy. The strength that I have found are first of all is the duty that has been put into the legislation, which brings various agencies and services together, which unifies them and sets a main agenda that all must adhere to as it is in the legislation to follow the duty and eliminates any confusion that might have existed, and another strength is to support these by the task force which comprises of professionals and people in the field that can offer the best advice. Also the reparation order is a strength as it forces parents to be responsible as some parents let their children do what they want to and so this is a good way of making parents act so that they can help their children from offending and make them responsible. Then the child safety order, the strength of this is a the combination of the two orders as it can be most effective this way by handing responsibility 2 both parent and child giving maximum results. Then the local child curfews strength lies in the way it involves the local community so determining whats best for the members of their own community. Then there is the final warning where the strength in this lies in the way that it uses various methods simultaneously like community intervention, punishment and rehabilitation which can only increase the chances of success. Which brings me to secure remands of 12-16 year olds which is also a strength as it recognises that they are still young but this also does contradict other policies in this White Paper which it does on many levels, the detention training programme has strength because it does not just impose a detention where by this can harden the youth and in some cases lead to a life of crime but with the community supervision would let the offender know that they have been given a chance to mend their ways. The forming of the YOTs and YJB is strength as it brings together all the agencies under one roof you could say, and so the aims are understood by all and are the same this can only help, and managerialism is strength as it can be more efficiently run with professionals in charge. Now I will just conclude my findings of the weaknesses which are; the abolition of the doli incapax to me is a weakness as it manages not to take the childs age into consideration and this can be seen just by looking at the rest of Europe, are the children in the UK not the same. Another weakness is the ASBO to lock youths in their houses and stop them from going into certain locations can work but does not address the real problem, and Labour could try and find the cause of these problems as this to me is just breeding further adult criminals and as we have seen lately getting an ASBO is something to be proud off and to show off so demoralising the order entirely. There are strengths and weaknesses in this policy but I have found the strengths outweigh the weaknesses. Bibliography Home Office, (1997), White Paper, No More Excuses: A new approach to tackling youth crime in England and Wales Muncie, J. (2009), Youth and Crime, 3rd edition, London, Sage publications Maguire, M. Morgan, R and Reiner, R. (2002), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3rd Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Goldson, B. Muncie, J. (2006), Youth Crime and Justice, London, Sage Publications Baldock, J. Manning, N. and Vickerstaff, S. (2007), Social Policy, 3rd edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.